Human immunodeficiency virus vaccines: Advances, challenges and future perspectives

doi:10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.116055

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World Journal of Virology

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2220-3249

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Virol. Mar 25, 2026; 15(1): 116055
Published online Mar 25, 2026. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.116055

Table 2 Post-2022 human immunodeficiency virus-1 vaccine trials

Ref.	Clinical trial	Vaccine concept	Platform	Vaccine description	Status
[127]	NCT03547245 (IAVIG001)	Germline targeting (CD4bs)	Protein nanoparticle + adjuvant (Phase 1)	eOD-GT8 60mer nanoparticle + AS01B (liposome-based adjuvant containing MPLA + QS-21)	Completed
[50]	NCT05001373 (IAVI G002)	Sequential germline targeting	mRNA-LNP (Phase 1)	eOD-GT8 60mer mRNA + core-g28 version 2 60mer mRNA nanoparticle	Active, not recruiting
[49]	NCT05414786 (IAVI G003)	Germline targeting (CD4bs)	mRNA-LNP (Phase 1)	eOD-GT8 60mer mRNA alone	Recruiting
[71]	HVTN 302 NCT05217641	Stabilized BG505 MD39.3 Env trimers	mRNA-LNP (Phase 1)	BG505 MD39.3, BG505 MD39.3 gp151, and BG505 MD39.3 gp151 CD4KO mRNA (3 groups)	Active, not recruiting
[46]	NCT04864072 (HVTN 300)	B-cell lineage (CD4bs)	Protein + adjuvant (Phase 1)	CH505 transmitted/founder chimeric trimer + 3M-052 aqueous formulation with aluminum hydroxide	Active, not recruiting
[59]	NCT03961438 (ACTHIVE-001)	Native-like trimer	Protein + adjuvant (Phase 1)	Consensus M SOSIP version 7 gp140 + MPLA liposomes(as adjuvant)	Completed
[129]	HVTN 137A (NCT04177355)	Native-like trimer	Protein + adjuvant (Phase 1)	BG505 SOSIP.664 + 3M-052 aqueous formulation with aluminium hydroxide	Completed
[52]	NCT05182125 (HVTN 139)	B-cell lineage priming	Adenoviral vector + protein (Phase 1)	Adenovirus chimpanzee serotype 6/7 expressing HIV gp140 envelope glycoprotein+ CH505 transmitted/founder gp120 glycoprotein adjuvanted with glucopyranosyl lipid A stable emulsion	Recruiting
[131]	NCT03783130 (Trimer 4571)	Prefusion-stabilized trimer	Protein + adjuvant (Phase 1)	BG505 DS-SOSIP.664 (Trimer 4571) + alum	Completed
[132]	IAVI C114 (NCT06617091)	T -cell-inducing preventive/therapeutic HIV vaccine	Non-replicating Gorilla Adenovirus (Phase 1)	Gorilla adenovirus vectored HIV networked epitopes 1 encode highly networked, mutationally constrained HIV epitopes from stable structural regions (less prone to mutate)	Not yet recruiting

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; CD4bs: CD4 binding site; eOD-GT8: Engineered outer domain gp120 germline-targeting version 8; QS-21: Quillaja saponaria saponin-21; mRNA-LNP: Messenger RNA-lipid nanoparticle; MD39.3: Membrane distal variant 39.3; CD4KO: Cluster of differentiation 4 knockout; MPLA: Monophosphoryl lipid A.

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Citation: Varatharajan S, Krishnasai S, Girish C. Human immunodeficiency virus vaccines: Advances, challenges and future perspectives. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 116055
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3249/full/v15/i1/116055.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.116055

Varatharajan S, Krishnasai S, Girish C. Human immunodeficiency virus vaccines: Advances, challenges and future perspectives. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 116055 [PMID: 41884456 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.116055]

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