Comparison of three pediatric studies investigating acute hepatitis of unknown etiology

Table 8 Rate of positivity for human adenovirus and/or human herpes virus-6 infection in adeno-associated virus-2-infected cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology according to real-time polymerase chain reaction, n (%)

	England				Scotland
Detected viruses	Sample	Case, n = 23	Control, n = 7		Sample	Case, n = 27
AAV-2 + HAdV + HHV-6 (triple infection)	Whole-blood	3/7 (42.9)	Whole-blood, immunocompromised, HAdV infection, raised ALT > 500 U/L	1/6 (16.7)	Plasma or serum	0/27 (0)
	Liver	5/5 (100)	Liver, immunocompromised	0/1 (0)
	Respiratory sample	1/2 (50)
	Stool	0/1 (0)
	Plasma	0/6 (0)
	Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver	4/8 (50)
	Total	13/23 (56.5)		1/7 (14.2)
AAV-2 + HAdV	Whole-blood	1/7 (14.3)	Whole-blood, immunocompromised, HAdV infection, raised ALT > 500 U/L	5/6 (83.3)	Plasma or serum	5/27 (18.5)
	Liver	0/5 (0)	Liver, immunocompromised	0/1(0)
	Respiratory sample	0/2 (0)
	Stool	0/1 (0)
	Plasma	2/6 (33.3)
	Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver	0/8 (50)
	Total	3/23 (13.0)		5/7 (71.4)
AAV-2 + HHV-6	Whole-blood	0/7 (0)	Whole-blood, immunocompromised, HAdV infection, raised ALT > 500 U/L	0/6 (0)	Plasma or serum	0/27 (0)
	Liver	0/5 (0)	Liver, immunocompromised	0/1 (0)
	Respiratory sample	0/2 (0)
	Stool	0/1 case (0)
	Plasma	0/6 (0)
	Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver	2/8 (25)
	Total	2/23 (8.7)		0/7 (0)
Total		18/23 (78.3)		6/7 (85.7)		5/27 (18.5)

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AAV: Adeno-associated virus; HAdV: Human adenovirus; HHV: Human herpes virus.