Pre-hospital proton pump inhibitor use and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective case-control study

doi:10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.109170

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World Journal of Virology

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2220-3249

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Virol. Sep 25, 2025; 14(3): 109170
Published online Sep 25, 2025. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.109170

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Figure 2 Forest plot of adjusted odds ratios for coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: Forest plot depicting adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality among proton pump inhibitors users compared to non-users. Proton pump inhibitors use was independently associated with a significant reduction in severe outcomes. COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor.

Citation: Shanmugavel Geetha H, Prabhu S, Suresh MG, Abraham GM, Sekar A, Mohamed S, Sekar A, Hatwal J, Sohal A, Batta A. Pre-hospital proton pump inhibitor use and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective case-control study. World J Virol 2025; 14(3): 109170
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3249/full/v14/i3/109170.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.109170

Shanmugavel Geetha H, Prabhu S, Suresh MG, Abraham GM, Sekar A, Mohamed S, Sekar A, Hatwal J, Sohal A, Batta A. Pre-hospital proton pump inhibitor use and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective case-control study. World J Virol 2025; 14(3): 109170 [PMID: 41025083 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.109170]

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