Pre-hospital proton pump inhibitor use and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective case-control study

Table 2 Clinical outcomes by proton pump inhibitors use, n (%)

Outcome	PPI users (n = 83)	Non-users (n = 165)	P value
ICU admission	11 (13.3)	41 (24.8)	0.034
Mechanical ventilation	11 (13.3)	42 (25.5)	0.027
In-Hospital mortality	5 (6.0)	29 (17.6)	0.013
Length of stay (median, IQR)	6.2 (4.5-8.3)	6.8 (5.0-9.2)	0.52
Remdesivir use	38 (45.8)	82 (49.7)	0.56
Systemic steroid use	70 (84.3)	143 (86.7)	0.61

Primary and secondary clinical outcomes in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients stratified by pre-hospital proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) use. PPI users demonstrated significantly lower rates of intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality compared to non-users. No significant differences were observed in length of stay or antiviral treatment administration. ICU: Intensive care unit.