Predictors of sustained human immunodeficiency virus viral-load suppression before and after the adoption of Treat All policy in Rwanda

Table 3 Predictors of sustained viral load suppression among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Rwanda

Characteristics	Complete case analysis				Imputed datasets
	Bivariate		Multivariable		Bivariate		Multivariable
	IRR (95%CI)	P value	aIRR (95%CI)	P value	IRR (95%CI)	P value	aIRR (95%CI)	P value
Age, year
18-24	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
25-34	1.10 (0.86-1.40)	0.455	0.99 (0.83-1.19)	0.944	1.10 (0.86-1.40)	0.455	1.09 (0.87-1.35)	0.484
35-44	1.03 (0.81-1.32)	0.792	0.94 (0.78-1.14)	0.540	1.03 (0.81-1.32)	0.792	1.03 (0.83-1.29)	0.776
45-54	1.20 (0.94-1.52)	0.148	1.12 (0.92-1.35)	0.251	1.20 (0.94-1.52)	0.148	1.22 (0.97-1.52)	0.086
≥ 55	1.05 (0.81-1.37)	0.691	0.98 (0.80-1.22)	0.879	1.05 (0.81-1.37)	0.691	1.09 (0.85-1.36)	0.492
Gender
Female	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
Male	0.95 (0.89-1.02)	0.139	0.96 (0.89-1.03)	0.230	0.95 (0.89-1.02)	0.139	0.95 (0.89-1.02)	0.136
Education
No education	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
≥ Primary	1.08 (1.01-1.16)	0.012a	1.09 (1.01-1.17)	0.031a	1.09 (1.02-1.16)	0.012a	1.09 (1.02-1.16)	0.012a
HIV status disclosed
No	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
Yes	0.99 (0.93-1.05)	0.733	1.00 (0.94-1.09)	0.840	0.99 (0.93-1.05)	0.771	1.00 (0.94-1.06)	0.952
Adherence
< 90%	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
≥ 90%	1.09 (1.00-1.20)	0.050a	1.05 (0.96-1.15)	0.309	1.06 (0.99-1.15)	0.111	1.04 (0.96-1.12)	0.349
Advance HIV disease
No	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
Yes	0.87 (0.78-0.97)	0.014a	0.88 (0.79-0.99)	0.034a	0.89 (0.81-0.98)	0.020a	0.89 (0.82-0.98)	0.019a
Timing of ART initiation
Before treat all	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
After treat all	0.98 (0.92-1.04)	0.543	0.97 (0.90-1.05)	0.466	0.97 (0.92-1.04)	0.432	0.97 (0.91-1.04)	0.385

^aP < 0.05, indicates statistically significant results.

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; ART: Antiretroviral therapy; IRR: Incidence risk ratio; aIRR: Adjusted incidence risk ratio; CI: Confidence interval.