Predictors of sustained human immunodeficiency virus viral-load suppression before and after the adoption of Treat All policy in Rwanda

doi:10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107008

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World Journal of Virology

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2220-3249

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Virol. Sep 25, 2025; 14(3): 107008
Published online Sep 25, 2025. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107008

Table 1 Comparison of characteristics between included study participants and those excluded from the analysis based on the documented number of viral load results, n (%)

Characteristics	n = 981	Number of viral load results
Characteristics	n = 981	One and excluded (n = 348)	≥ two and included (n = 634)	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	39.2 ± 10.2	38.6 ± 9.6	39.5 ± 10.4	0.173
Age, year
18-24	24 (2.5)	7 (2.0)	17 (2.7)	0.702
25-34	328 (33.6)	121 (34.8)	208 (32.8)	-
35-44	411 (42.1)	152 (43.7)	263 (41.5)	-
45-54	132 (13.5)	42 (12.1)	90 (14.2)	-
≥ 55	82 (8.4)	26 (7.5)	56 (8.8)	-
Gender
Female	649 (66.1)	241 (69.5)	408 (64.5)	0.114
Male	331 (33.7)	106 (30.5)	225 (35.5)	-
Missing	2 (0.2)	1	1	-
Education
No education	432 (44.0)	162 (47.8)	270 (43.8)	0.240
≥ primary	523 (53.3)	177 (52.2)	346 (56.2)	-
Missing	27 (2.7)	9	18	-
HIV status disclosed
No	387 (39.4)	122 (35.2)	265 (42.0)	0.036^a
Yes	588 (60.2)	225 (64.8)	591 (58.0)	-
Missing	4 (0.4)	1	3	-
Adherence
< 90%	250 (25.5)	105 (34.8)	145 (25.5)	0.004^a
≥ 90%	621 (63.2)	197 (65.2)	424 (74.5)	-
Missing	111 (11.3)	46	65	-
Advance HIV disease
< 200	161 (16.4)	60 (17.2)	101 (15.9)	0.274
≥ 200	660 (67.2)	216 (62.1)	444 (70.0)	-
Missing	161 (16.4)	72 (20.7)	89 (14.0)	-
Timing of ART initiation
Before treat all	514 (52.3)	217 (62.4)	297 (47.2)	< 0.001^a
After treat all	463 (47.2)	131 (37.6)	332 (52.8)	-
Missing	5 (0.5)	0	5	-

^aP < 0.05, indicates statistically significant results.

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; ART: Antiretroviral therapy.

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Citation: Bakari Mhando H, Sebeza J, Ally HM, Fussi HF, Moshi L, Musoke R, Mbwana MS, Karia MF, Karia LF, Lascko T, Ramadhani HO, Rwibasira G. Predictors of sustained human immunodeficiency virus viral-load suppression before and after the adoption of Treat All policy in Rwanda. World J Virol 2025; 14(3): 107008
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3249/full/v14/i3/107008.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107008

Bakari Mhando H, Sebeza J, Ally HM, Fussi HF, Moshi L, Musoke R, Mbwana MS, Karia MF, Karia LF, Lascko T, Ramadhani HO, Rwibasira G. Predictors of sustained human immunodeficiency virus viral-load suppression before and after the adoption of Treat All policy in Rwanda. World J Virol 2025; 14(3): 107008 [PMID: 41025088 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107008]

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