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World Journal of Virology
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2220-3249
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Virol. Sep 25, 2025; 14(3): 103347
Published online Sep 25, 2025. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.103347
Table 6 Hepatocellular cancer surveillance in chronic hepatitis B
APASL[11]
EASL[10]
AASLD[8,9]
INASL[10]
KASL[13]
WHO[14]
Threshold incidence of HCC to determine the intensity of screeningDetermined individually based on the economic situation of each countryNot definedSurveillance only if the incidence is greater than 0.2%Not definedNot definedSurveillance only if incidence greater than 0.2%
Use of risk scores for HCC predictionRecommendedRecommendedRecommendedRecommends specifically the CU-HCC scoreRecommendedRecommended
Mode of surveillanceUSG abdomen. Serum AFPUSG abdomen. Serum AFPUSG abdomen. Serum AFPUSG abdomen. No additional benefit of AFPUSG abdomen. Serum AFPUSG abdomen. Serum AFP
Baseline CECT/MRIAll cirrhoticsNot definedNot recommendedNot recommendedNot recommendedNot recommended
CECT/MRIRecommended for confirmation of suspicious lesionsRecommended for confirmation of suspicious lesionsRecommended for confirmation of suspicious lesionsRecommended for confirmation of suspicious lesionsRecommended for confirmation of suspicious lesionsRecommended for confirmation of suspicious lesions
CECT/MRI in cirrhosisRecommended for advanced cirrhosis with high-risk scores Not recommendedNot recommendedNot addressed specificallyNot recommendedNot recommended
Screening frequency (USG/AFP)Non-cirrhotics 6-monthly. Cirrhotics 3 monthly. High risk 3-monthly6 monthly6 monthly6 monthly6 monthly6 monthly
Screening at the onset of therapyRecommendedRecommended in patients with moderate to high-risk scoresRecommendedRecommendedRecommendedRecommended
During therapyRecommended Recommended RecommendedRecommendedRecommendedRecommended
After therapyNot definedRecommended after sustained response and HBsAg loss (in high-risk patients)Recommended after sustained response (in high-risk patients)Recommended after sustained response (in high-risk patients)Recommended after sustained responseNot mentioned
APASL: Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver; EASL: European Association for the Study of the Liver; AASLD: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; INASL: Indian National Association for Study of the Liver; KASL: Korean Association for the Study of the Liver; WHO: World Health Organization; HCC: Hepatocellular cancer; CECT: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; USG: Ultrasonography; CU-HCC: Chinese University Hepatocellular cancer; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen.
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