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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Virol. Jun 25, 2025; 14(2): 97421
Published online Jun 25, 2025. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.97421
Published online Jun 25, 2025. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.97421
Table 2 Overall trends of outcomes in patients hospitalized for hepatitis A virus in the United States from 2011-2020, n (%)
| Unmatched hepatitis A virus | |||
| Variable | No substance use | Active substance use | Total |
| Number of hospitalizations | 40503 | 15430 | 56972 |
| Inpatient mortality | 396 (0.98) | 100 (0.65) | 496 (0.87) |
| Mean LOS, days (SE) | 4.22 (0.02) | 4.27 (0.05) | 4.23 (0.02) |
| Inflation-adjusted mean inpatient charge, United States dollar (SE) | 13440.49 (88.45) | 9280.17 (103.62) | 12299.86 (70) |
| Infective endocarditis | 59 (0.15) | 250 (1.62) | 309 (0.54) |
| Intra-abdominal abscess | 188 (0.46) | 40 (0.26) | 238 (0.42) |
| Sepsis | 353 (0.87) | 265 (1.72) | 618 (1.08) |
| Acute liver failure | 2666 (6.58) | 1177 (7.63) | 3893 (6.83) |
| AKI | 3820 (9.43) | 928 (6.01) | 4763 (8.36) |
| Respiratory failure | 933 (2.30) | 245 (1.59) | 1193 (2.09) |
| Blood transfusion | 670 (1.65) | 60 (0.39) | 740 (1.30) |
| Cellulitis | 806 (1.99) | 904 (5.86) | 1725 (3.03) |
| Venous thromboembolism | 117 (0.29) | 25 (0.16) | 142 (0.25) |
| Cardiomyopathy | 744 (1.84) | 190 (1.23) | 934 (1.64) |
| CHF | 2091 (5.16) | 314 (2.03) | 2405 (4.22) |
| Propensity score matched hepatitis A in 13079 patients | |||
| Variable | No substance use | Active substance use | P value |
| Inpatient mortality | 94 (0.72) | 100 (0.76) | 0.6 |
| Mean LOS, days (SE) | 3.97 (0.04) | 4.34 (0.05) | < 0.001 |
| Inflation-adjusted mean inpatient charge, United States dollar (SE) | 10417.43 (129.44) | 9521.75 (103.53) | < 0.001 |
| Infective endocarditis | 20 (0.15) | 188 (1.44) | < 0.001 |
| Intra-abdominal abscess | 66 (0.50) | 40 (0.31) | 0.011 |
| Sepsis | 129 (0.99) | 243 (1.86) | < 0.001 |
| Acute liver failure | 900 (6.88) | 992 (7.58) | 0.028 |
| AKI | 883 (6.75) | 824 (6.30) | 0.140 |
| Acute respiratory failure | 267 (2.04) | 224 (1.71) | 0.050 |
| Need for blood transfusion | 166 (1.27) | 55 (0.42) | < 0.001 |
| Cellulitis | 267 (2.04) | 750 (5.73) | < 0.001 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 10 (0.08) | 20 (0.15) | 0.068 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 101 (0.77) | 180 (1.38) | < 0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 219 (1.67) | 304 (2.32) | < 0.001 |
- Citation: Jahagirdar V, Gautam M, Rasheed W, Blaney H, Ali H, Ghoz H. Influence of substance use on rising hepatitis A hospitalizations in the United States: A decade-long comparative study. World J Virol 2025; 14(2): 97421
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3249/full/v14/i2/97421.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.97421