Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients who underwent tracheostomy and its effect on outcome: A retrospective observational study

Table 1 Clinical-demographic parameters of COVID-19 patients who underwent tracheostomy

Characteristics	n = 73
Age (yr)	52 ± 16.67
Male	38 (52%)
Female	35 (48%)
Comorbities & COVID related complications n (%)
HTN	26 (35.6%)
DM	18 (24.66%)
CAD	04 (5.44%)
CKD with AKI	25 (34.3%)
CVA	11 (15.1%)
TBI	02 (2.74%)
Stroke	05 (6.8%)
Pneumothorax	10 (13.7%)
Mucormycosis	06 (8.22%)
Shock	44 (60.2%)
COVID severity n (%)
Mild	14 (19.2%)
Moderate	22 (30.2%)
Severe	37 (50.6%)
Initial respiratory support n (%)
RA	9 (12.3%)
FM	6 (8.2%)
NRBM	14 (19.2%)
HFNC	8 (10.9%)
NIV	5 (6.8%)
MV	31 (42.5%)
Tracheostomy related events (mean ± SD)
Admission to tracheostomy (d)	18.12 ± 12.98
Intubation to tracheostomy (d)	11.97 ± 9
ICU stay (d)	25 ± 11
Hospital stay (d)	28.21 ± 11.60
Death (n, %)	52 (71.2%)
Discharge (n, %)	21 (28.8%)

HTN: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CKD with AKI: Chronic kidney disease with acute kidney injury; CVA: Cerebrovascular accident; TBI: Traumatic brain injury; RA: Room air; FM: Face mask; NRBM: Non-rebreathing mask; HFNC: High-flow nasal cannula; NIV: Non-invasive ventilation; MV: Mechanical ventilation.