Oncolytic virus therapy in cancer: A current review

Table 1 Genetic modifications in the adenovirus

Ref.	Virus	Updates	Aim
Rojas et al[219]	COVIR -7/-15	Insertion of E2F-binding sites in the gene E1A	Specific targeting to the tumor cells, which express E2F and increase viral replication rate and antitumor action
Sarkar et al[220]	CTV-m 7	Insertion of the transgene MDA-7/IL-24	Expression of the protein MDA-7/IL-24 increases the cytotoxic action in the tumor sites and lyse the metastatic cells. The studies have shown greater effectiveness in the therapy of prostate cancer
Sarkar et al[220]	tCCN1 -CTV - m 7	Replacement of E1A by tCCN1	Specific targeting and cytotoxicity against the tumor cells, which express the promoter tCCN1 in prostate cancer
Choi et al[221]	Ads armed with inhibitors of tumoral angiogenesis	Incorporation of the gene FP3	Increase of the antiangiogenic capacity, which decreases the vascular endothelial growth factor production and suppresses the rate of tumor growth
Lucas et al[222]	Ad5 armed with the peptide CKS17	Replacement of HVR5 by the peptide CKS17	Specific target to the TGFBRII in the liver cancer cells, increasing the viral cytotoxic action and decreasing the liver sequestration
Garofalo et al[223]	AdV-D24-ICOSL-CD40L	Insertion of D24, ICOSL and CD40 genes in the chimeric virus, AdV-D24, serotype 5/3	Selectivity to infect the cancer cells through DSG-2 receptor and stimulation of the immune system by ICOSL and ICOS, both contributing to the immunogenic cell death in melanoma
Vera et al[224]	VCN-01	Selectivity to the pRB pathway and ability to express hyaluronidase	Specific viral replication, decreasing the side effects and degradation of the extracellular matrix by the enzyme hyaluronidase in solid tumors
Yang et al[225]	Ad5/3-CXCR4-TIMP2	Replacing Ad5 knob with Ad3 knob and incorporating the gene TIMP2	Selective replication in the cancer cells, which reduces the action over the normal cells and the expression of inhibitors of metalloproteinases, contributing to the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, preventing tumor growth and metastasis

Ads: Adenoviruses; CD40L: CD40 ligand; DSG-2: Desmoglein 2; FP3: Farnesylated protein 3; HVR5: Hypervariable region 5; ICOSL: Inducible co-stimulator ligand; IL-24: Interleukin 24; MDA-7: Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7; pRB: Retinoblastoma protein; tCCN1: Truncated cellular communication network factor 1; TGFBRII: Transforming growth factor-beta receptor II; TIMP2: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2.