Historical perspective of cell transplantation in Parkinson’s disease

Table 1 Current clinical trials (2013-2016)

	Type of cells	Site of procedure	Age of patients	No. of patients	Control group(s)	Phase2	Current status and notes
The University of Texas Health Science Center, United States. NCT026111671	Allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell	Delivered intravenously	45-70	20	No	I and II	Nov 2017. Starts on May 2016
ISCO-Florey. Cyto Therapeutics Pty Limited. Australia. NCT024527231	Human parthenogenetic stem cells-derived neural stem cells	Striatum and SNpc	30-70	12	No	I and II	Approved from the TGA of Australia (received on December 2015)
University of Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. NCT025383151	Fetal dopaminergic grafts	NS	18 and older	30	NS	NS	Study type: Observational. Using [18F]FDOPA PET/CT to monitor the effectiveness of grafts. Started on December 2015
University of Kentucky, United States. NCT018333641	Autologous peripheral nerve	SNpc	40-75	16	No	NS	Started on 2015.
TRANSEURO, Europe. NCT018983901	FVM Tissue	NS	30-68	40	Yes (no surgery)	I	No updates. Patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery Enrolling participants.
CHA University, South Korea. NCT018607941	Mesencephalic neural precursor cells	NS	18-70	15	NS	I and II	No updates since December 2014 Started on 2013. No updates
Living cell technologies. Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand. NCT017347331	NTCELL [immunoprotected (alginate-encapsulated) choroid plexus cells]	NS	40-70	NS	NS	I and II	Started on 2013. No updates

¹Is the ClinicalTrials.gov identifier. For more information and other trials visit the website;

²Clinical phases: I: Test a new treatment in a small group to evaluate its safety, dosage range and side effects; II: Treatment in a small group to see its effectiveness and to further, evaluate its safety. NS: No specified; TGA: Therapeutic Goods Administration.