Updates on antibody-mediated rejection in intestinal transplantation

Figure 2 Histopatholgy of the intestinal allografts. A and B: No rejection: Normal mucosal architecture of small bowel biopsy after transplant. No staining for C4d is seen in the capillaries of the lamina propria; C and D: Acute cellular rejection (ACR): There is mononuclear infiltration, crypt epithelial injury, and apoptotic bodies in the lamina propria. A weak staining for C4d is sometimes present in a patient with ACR; E and F: Acute antibody-mediated rejection: There is prominent hemorrhage and congestion with scattered fibrin thrombin in the lamina propria. Widespread and bright staining for C4d is present in the capillaries of the lamina propria.