Pathophysiological mechanisms of cell death affecting graft survival in liver transplantation

Figure 2 Cell death mechanisms involved in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury and liver graft injury. HIRI: Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury; TNF-R1: TNF-α-receptor; DAMPs: Damage-associated molecular patterns; PRRs: Pattern recognition receptors; TLRs: Toll-like receptors; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; NF-κB: Nuclear factor Κβ; ATG: Autophagy-related proteins; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4; TRPM2: Transient receptor potential melastatin 2; STAT1/STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription; GSDMD: Gasdermin D; cGAS–STING: Cyclic GMP–AMP synthase; RIPK3: Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3; MLKL: Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein; TNFRSF: Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily; ZBP1: Z-DNA-binding protein 1; NE: Neutrophilic elastase; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; PAD4: Peptidyl-arginine deaminase 4.