Artificial intelligence and machine learning in transplantation surgery care pathway

Figure 1 The transplantation surgery care pathway and mapped artificial intelligence/machine learning applications. The figure summarises the principal artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) applications discussed in this review, mapped onto the three phases of the pathway (preoperative, perioperative/intraoperative, postoperative), with cross-cutting requirements for safe clinical translation displayed below. AKI: Acute kidney injury; ANN: Artificial neural network; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DGF: Delayed graft function; DL: Deep learning; DRHF: Dynamic ratio of hepatic function; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; GBM: Gradient boosting machine; GRWR: Graft-to-recipient weight ratio; GV: Graft volume; SLV: Standard liver volume; HAO: Hepatic artery occlusion; KPS: Karnofsky performance status; LDLT: Living donor liver transplantation; ML: Machine learning; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; RAKT: Robot-assisted kidney transplantation; RNN: Recurrent neural network; SHAP: Shapley additive explanations; NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance.