Post-transplant atrial tachyarrhythmias: Epidemiology, mechanisms, outcomes, and management across solid organs

Figure 2 Clinical management flowchart for anticoagulation after solid-organ transplantation. The figure integrates general CHA₂DS₂-VA-based thromboembolic risk assessment with organ-specific bleeding and pharmacokinetic considerations, including delayed graft function or unstable renal clearance after kidney transplantation, thrombocytopenia or unstable hepatic synthetic function after liver transplantation, and drug-drug interactions with calcineurin inhibitors, proliferation signal inhibitors, azole antifungals, and protease inhibitors. OAC: Oral anticoagulant; VKA: Vitamin K antagonist; NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; GI: Gastrointestinal; DOAC: Direct oral anticoagulant; PSI: Proliferation signal inhibitor; CYP3A4: Cytochrome P450 3A4; CrCl: Creatinine clearance.