Total intravenous anesthesia in kidney transplantation: A narrative review

Table 3 Perioperative fluid and vasoactive regimens in the eight human comparative studies

Ref.	Fluid type	Fluid strategy	Vasopressor	Mannitol/furosemide	Era effect
Aditianingsih et al[9], 2019	Balanced crystalloid	Goal-directed; SVV-guided	Norepinephrine	Mannitol 0.5 g/kg	Contemporary
Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke et al[10], 2017	Balanced crystalloid; albumin if needed	Goal-directed	Norepinephrine, ephedrine	Both, at reperfusion	Contemporary
Modesti et al[2], 2006	Crystalloid + HES colloid	Liberal; CVP-guided	Dopamine infusion	Mannitol routinely	Older era
Babacan et al[12], 1998	Crystalloid (Ringer)	Liberal	Dopamine infusion	Mannitol + furosemide	Older era
Han et al[11], 2020	Balanced crystalloid	Restrictive	Ephedrine, phenylephrine	Not reported	Contemporary
Lee et al[3], 2013	Balanced crystalloid	Goal-directed	Mixed	Mannitol; furosemide	Contemporary
Calixto-Flores et al[13], 2020	Balanced crystalloid	Goal-directed; conservative	Norepinephrine	Mannitol	Contemporary
Franzén et al[8], 2022	Balanced crystalloid	Goal-directed (per institutional protocol)	Norepinephrine	N/A (non-transplant surgery)	Contemporary

The preclinical ovine model (Iguchi et al[7] in 2019) and the paediatric living-related liver transplant trial (Liu et al[1] in 2024) are omitted because the comparison of perioperative fluid and vasopressor protocols is not directly relevant to the adult kidney transplant setting. SVV: Stroke volume variation; CVP: Central venous pressure; HES: Hydroxyethyl starch; N/A: Not available.