Preconditioning with sufentanil confers protective effects in transplantation by attenuating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

Table 2 Available data on strategies targeting hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

Strategy/drug	Animal evidence	Human evidence	Reported effect
Melatonin	Extensive	Limited	Positive
N-acetylcysteine	Extensive	Moderate	Mixed
Nobel gases	Limited	Limited	Insufficient
Caspase inhibitors	Extensive	Limited	Positive
P-selectin antagonists	Moderate	Limited	Mixed
Prostaglandins	Extensive	Moderate	Positive
Remifentanil	Moderate	Limited	Positive
Noble gases	Limited	Limited	insufficient
Akt activators	Moderate	None	Positive
PPARγ agonists	Moderate	None	Positive
miRNA based therapies	Moderate	None	Positive
Stem cell therapies	Extensive	Limited	Positive
Ischemic preconditioning	Expensive	Moderate	Positive
Ischemic postconditioning	Moderate	Limited	Mixed
Machine perfusion techniques	Extensive	Extensive	Positive

Akt: Activation of protein kinase B; PPARγ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; miRNA: MicroRNA.