Picturing better outcomes: Illustrated educational booklets improve patient-reported outcomes and reduce healthcare utilization in abdominal transplantation

doi:10.5500/wjt.v16.i2.119247

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World Journal of Transplantation

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2220-3230

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Transplant. Jun 18, 2026; 16(2): 119247
Published online Jun 18, 2026. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v16.i2.119247

Table 1 Patient demographic variables for the book-receiving cohort, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

	Liver donors (n = 6)	Kidney donors (n = 19)	Liver recipients (n = 24)¹	Kidney recipients (n = 26)¹
Age at donation or transplant	41 (34.5-47.5)	44 (36-51)	51 (41-56)²	55 (49-70)³
Female sex	4 (66.7)	11 (57.9)	6 (33.3)²	7 (36.8)³
Primary language
English	6 (100.0)	19 (100.0)	23 (95.8)	25 (96.2)
Spanish	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (4.2)	1 (3.8)
Highest level of education
Less than high school	0 (0.0)	1 (5.3)	1 (4.2)	2 (7.7)
High school/GED	1 (16.7)	4 (21.1)	5 (20.8)	2 (7.7)
College	2 (33.3)	9 (47.4)	14 (58.3)	13 (50.0)
Advanced degree	3 (50.0)	5 (26.3)	4 (16.7)	9 (34.6)
Employment status
Full-time	4 (66.7)	15 (78.9)	11 (45.8)	7 (26.9)
Part-time	0 (0.0)	1 (5.3)	1 (4.2)	3 (11.5)
On disability	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	5 (20.8)	2 (7.7)
Unemployed	2 (33.3)	2 (10.5)	4 (16.7)	5 (19.2)
Retired	0 (0.0)	1 (5.3)	3 (12.5)	9 (34.6)
History of prior surgeries	4 (66.7)	8 (42.1)	17 (70.8)	16 (61.5)

¹Single simultaneous liver and kidney case included in each of these.

²n = 18 due to non-reporting.

³n = 19 due to non-reporting.

GED: General educational development.

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Citation: Di Napoli M, Kadri H, Kessler D, Canty G, Klingenberg K, Pomfret EA, Pomposelli JJ, Pshak T, Choudhury RA, Nydam TL, Baimas-George M. Picturing better outcomes: Illustrated educational booklets improve patient-reported outcomes and reduce healthcare utilization in abdominal transplantation. World J Transplant 2026; 16(2): 119247
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3230/full/v16/i2/119247.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v16.i2.119247

Di Napoli M, Kadri H, Kessler D, Canty G, Klingenberg K, Pomfret EA, Pomposelli JJ, Pshak T, Choudhury RA, Nydam TL, Baimas-George M. Picturing better outcomes: Illustrated educational booklets improve patient-reported outcomes and reduce healthcare utilization in abdominal transplantation. World J Transplant 2026; 16(2): 119247 [PMID: 42281851 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v16.i2.119247]

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