Immunologic clustering of donor-specific antibodies and clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients

Table 3 Patient demographics and baseline characteristics by cluster

Risk group	Variable	Category	n (%)
Categorical variables
High risk	Recipient gender	Male	30 (51.7)
		Female	28 (48.3)
	Donor gender	Male	37 (63.8)
		Female	21 (36.2)
	Donor type	Living	52 (89.7)
		Deceased	6 (10.3)
Intermediate risk	Recipient gender	Male	17 (50.0)
		Female	17 (50.0)
	Donor gender	Male	27 (79.4)
		Female	7 (20.6)
	Donor type	Living	33 (97.1)
		Deceased	1 (2.9)
Low risk	Recipient gender	Male	11 (55.0)
		Female	9 (45.0)
	Donor gender	Male	13 (65.0)
		Female	7 (35.0)
	Donor type	Living	19 (95.0)
		Deceased	1 (5.0)
High risk	DSA presence	Present	58 (100.0)
	Induction therapy	ATG only	58 (100.0)
	Sensitizing events	None	53 (91.4)
		Pregnancy	3 (5.2)
		Blood transfusion	2 (3.4)
Intermediate risk	DSA presence	Present	34 (100.0)
	Induction therapy	ATG only	31 (91.2)
		Basiliximab only	3 (8.8)
	Sensitizing events	None	31 (91.2)
		Pregnancy	3 (8.8)
Low risk	DSA presence	Present	20 (100.0)
	Induction therapy	ATG only	19 (95.0)
		Basiliximab only	1 (5.0)
	Sensitizing events	None	19 (95.0)
		Blood Transfusion	1 (5.0)
High risk	Maintenance therapy	FK + MMF + PRED	57 (98.3)
		CSA + MMF + PRED	1 (1.7)
	Diabetes pre-transplant	No	31 (53.4)
		Yes	27 (46.6)
	Previous transplant	No	56 (96.6)
		Yes	2 (3.2)
	IVIG use	No	18 (31.0)
		Yes	40 (69.0)
Intermediate risk	Maintenance therapy	FK + MMF + PRED	34 (100.0)
	Diabetes pre-transplant	No	16 (47.1)
		Yes	18 (52.9)
	Previous transplant	No	34 (100.0)
	IVIG use	No	15 (44.1)
		Yes	19 (55.9)
Low risk	Maintenance therapy	FK + MMF + PRED	20 (100.0)
	Diabetes pre-transplant	No	13 (65.0)
		Yes	7 (35.0)
	Previous transplant	No	19 (95.0)
		Yes	1 (5.0)
	IVIG use	No	12 (60.0)
		Yes	8 (40.0)
High risk	Acute rejection	No	54 (93.1)
		Yes	4 (6.9)
	Graft loss	No	54 (93.1)
		Yes	4 (6.9)
	Delayed graft function	No	56 (96.6)
		Yes	2 (3.4)
	Mortality	No	55 (94.8)
		Yes	3 (5.2)
	CMV infection	No	56 (96.6)
		Yes	2 (3.4)
	BKV infection	No	54 (98.2)
		Yes	1 (1.8)
Intermediate risk	Acute rejection	No	34 (100.0)
	Graft loss	No	32 (94.1)
		Yes	2 (5.9)
	Delayed graft function	No	32 (94.1)
		Yes	2 (5.9)
	Mortality	No	32 (94.1)
		Yes	2 (5.9)
	CMV infection	No	33 (97.1)
		Yes	1 (2.9)
	BKV infection	No	29 (96.7)
		Yes	1 (3.3)
Low risk	Acute rejection	No	19 (95.0)
		Yes	1 (5.0)
	Graft loss	No	20 (100.0)
	Delayed graft function	No	20 (100.0)
	Mortality	No	20 (100.0)
	CMV infection	No	20 (100.0)
	BKV infection	No	19 (100.0)
Continuous variables
Risk group	Variable	Median	IQR/unit
High risk (years)	Recipient age	46.5	31.5-59.8
	Donor age	35.5	29.0-44.0
Intermediate risk (years)	Recipient age	51.5	39.5-62.8
	Donor age	35	29.0-43.2
Low risk (years)	Recipient age	42.5	36.5-52.8
	Donor age	32.5	27.2-39.2
High risk
	Length of stay (days)	9	8.0-12.0
	Creatinine 4 months (μmol/L)	94	76.0-114.0
	eGFR 4 months (mL/minute)	76.5	63.2-88.0
Intermediate risk
	Length of stay (days)	10	8.0-11.0
	Creatinine 4 months (μmol/L)	88	70.5-110.8
	eGFR 4 months (mL/minute)	78	59.5-97.5
Low risk	Length of stay (days)	9	7.0-12.5
	Creatinine 4 months (μmol/L)	77.5	69.8-103.8
	eGFR 4 months (mL/minute)	92	66.2-109.5

DSA: Donor-specific antibody; ATG: Anti-thymocyte globulin; FK: Tacrolimus; MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; CSA: Cyclosporine A; PRED: Prednisolone; IVIG: Intravenous immunoglobulin; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR: Interquartile range; LOS: Length of stay; AR: Acute rejection; DGF: Delayed graft function; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; BKV: BK virus.