Immunologic clustering of donor-specific antibodies and clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients

doi:10.5500/wjt.v16.i2.118450

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World Journal of Transplantation

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2220-3230

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Transplant. Jun 18, 2026; 16(2): 118450
Published online Jun 18, 2026. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v16.i2.118450

Table 2 Clinical interpretation and labeling of the three clusters based on immunologic and outcome profiles

Cluster	Immunologic profile	Risk interpretation	Key characteristics
0	Combined Class I + II sensitization	High risk	Highest DSA number, high MFI, broad reactivity, highest rejection/mortality
1	Predominantly Class II sensitization	Intermediate risk	Moderate MFI, mild graft loss/mortality, no acute rejection
2	Class I only sensitization	Low risk	Low MFI, low DSA number, no graft loss or mortality

K-means clustering completed with 3 clusters, in a total of 112. Cluster 0 had 58 patients. Cluster 1 had 34 patients. Cluster 2 had 20 patients. DSA: Donor-specific antibody; MFI: Mean fluorescence intensity.

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Citation: Al-Qurashi SH, Khalil MAM, Mahmood HHK, Alsharif MM, Alqurashi YF, Alghamdi L, Al-Ghamdi RA, Alsaedi ZA, Cruz AJD, Aboasamh GA, Sadagah NM. Immunologic clustering of donor-specific antibodies and clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. World J Transplant 2026; 16(2): 118450
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3230/full/v16/i2/118450.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v16.i2.118450

Al-Qurashi SH, Khalil MAM, Mahmood HHK, Alsharif MM, Alqurashi YF, Alghamdi L, Al-Ghamdi RA, Alsaedi ZA, Cruz AJD, Aboasamh GA, Sadagah NM. Immunologic clustering of donor-specific antibodies and clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. World J Transplant 2026; 16(2): 118450 [PMID: 42281880 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v16.i2.118450]

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