Stem cell transplantation in immuno-hematologic and infectious diseases

Table 2 The table below shows different stem cell types and their pros and cons

Stem cells	Pros	Cons
Fetal cells	Safe and effective for transplantation	Tissue availability. Ethical issues
Embryonic stem cells	Pluripotent, have stable karyotype and can differentiate into a wide variety of cells. Autologous transplant so less risk of GVHD	Over proliferation can cause tumor formation. Ethical concerns. High rate of rejection. Limited supply and availability
Pluripotent stem cells	Reduces ethical issues. Lower rejection risk since used as specific therapy	High risk of tumor formation i.e., teratoma. High risk due to reprogramming. Hard to make standard therapy
Reprogrammed stem cells	Low tumor formation risk. Lower rejection risk. Reduced ethical issues. Undergoes simple formation process	Low efficiency. Not deeply understood due to lack of enough studies. Hard to standardize
Adult stem cells	No ethical issues	Restricted potentials

Adopted from Pereira et al[101]. GVHD: Graft-vs-host disease.