Preformed vs de novo anti-human leukocyte antigens-DQ antibodies in kidney transplantation: A retrospective study

Figure 1 Pre-transplant group flow chart. The flowchart illustrates the step-by-step selection process, from initial anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody screening to the identification of patients with preformed anti-HLA-DQ donor-specific antibodies, and their classification according to donor type, donor typing availability, median fluorescence intensity levels, and transplant eligibility. Primary analysis: Confirmed donor HLA-DQ (LD n = 7); undetermined reported separately (living donor n = 2; brain-dead donor n = 11). ¹DSA-ND indicates cases where donor human leukocyte antigen-DQ typing was not performed, preventing confirmation of donor specificity. HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; DSA: Donor-specific antibodies; LD: Living donor; ND: Not determined; AB: Antibodies; MFI: Median fluorescence intensity.