Robot-assisted vs hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in the United Kingdom: Equivalent outcomes in the first national series

Table 2 Primary outcomes, n (%)/mean ± SD

	HALDN (n = 70)	RALDN (n = 70)	P value
Duration of operation in minutes	247.14 ± 109.0	254.57 ± 108.2	0.62
Warm ischaemic time in minutes	2.76 ± 1.3	3.53 ± 1.4	< 0.001
Pain score
Day 1	1.84 ± 0.97	2.04 ± 0.84	0.20
Day 2	1.63 ± 0.89	1.61 ± 0.84	0.92
Day 3	0.93 ± 0.79	0.94 ± 0.68	0.91
Post-operative day at which PCA was down	2.39 ± 0.71	2.21 ± 0.76	0.17
Length of hospital stay	3.17 ± 1.15	4.21 ± 1.75	< 0.001
Complication rate	9 (12.9)	9 (12.9)
Clavien-Dindo II	7 (10)	5 (7.1)
Clavien-Dindo IIIa	0 (0)	1 (1.4)
Clavien-Dindo IIIb	2 (2.9)	3 (4.3)	1
Readmissions	7 (10)	5 (7.1)
Clavien-Dindo II	5 (7.1)	3 (4.2)
Clavien-Dindo IIIb	2 (2.9)	2 (2.9)	0.55
Reoperations	2 (2.9)	2 (2.9)
Intra-abdominal sepsis	1 (1.4)	0 (0)
Incisional hernia	1 (1.4)	1 (1.4)
Wound re-exploration	0 (0)	1 (1.4)	1
Creatinine (μmol/L)
Day 30	114.87 ± 26.1	110.89 ± 24.9	0.37
Day 365	111.81 ± 28.7	107.45 ± 18.8	0.37

HALDN: Hand-assisted; RALDN: Robot-assisted; PCA: Patient-controlled analgesics.