Silent cardiac burden: Echocardiographic abnormalities and their predictors in kidney transplant candidates and their impact on graft function

Table 6 Predictors of pulmonary hypertension, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	PH	No PH	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age			0.23
18-50 years	34 (23)	115 (77)
> 50 years	32 (29)	77 (71)
Gender
Male	44 (28)	114 (72)	0.29
Female	22 (22)	78 (78)
Obesity	12 (13)	88 (87)	0.001	0.29 (0.05-1.69)	0.17
BMI ranges			0.03
< 25	40 (33)	82 (67)
25-30	17 (22)	59 (78)		0.79 (0.22-2.79)	0.71
> 30	9 (15)	51 (75)		0.85 (0.10- 7.55)	0.88
DD	21 (30)	50 (70)	0.37
LVSD	9 (29)	22 (71)	0.65
LVH	34 (37)	58 (63)	0.02	3.3 (1.05-10.55)	0.04
MR (grade 2-3)	45 (36)	81 (64)	< 0.001	4.6 (1.45-14.78)	0.01
TR	51 (31)	115 (69)	0.01	3.70 (0.93-14.69)	0.06
AR	18 (40)	27 (60)	0.02	0.57 (0.16-2.00)	0.38
Hypertension	64 (25)	187 (75)	0.99
Pericardial effusion	17 (41)	224 (59)	0.012	2.28 (0.63-8.31)	0.21
Dyslipidemia	31(32)	65 (68)	0.057	2.80 (0.80-9.81)	0.11
Smoking	29 (24)	92 (76)	0.58
Diabetes	4 (12)	30 (88)	0.048	0.79 (0.16-9.32)	0.77
Impaired fasting glucose	32 (25)	98 (75)	0.72
Hyperuricemia	20 (26)	57 (74)	0.93
Duration of renal replacement therapy	20.29 ± 21.66	23.61 ± 22.01	0.30
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.27 ± 1.11	4.45 ± 1.17	0.28
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.45 ± 0.93	2.77 ± 2.28	0.28
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.35 ± 0.61	1.20 ± 0.44	0.08
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.46±0.95	1.66 ± 1.20	0.22
Mean phosphate level (mmol/L)	1.40 ± 0.46	1.59 ± 0.60	0.11	0.42 (0.18-1.08)	0.07
Family history of coronary artery disease	2 (10)	18 (90)	0.10	0.55 (0.08-3.64)	0.54
Pre-emptive transplant	1 (7)	13 (93)	0.26
Hemodialysis	55 (27)	152 (73)
Peritoneal dialysis	10(28)	26 (72)

AR: Aortic regurgitation; BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval; DD: Diastolic dysfunction; HD: Hemodialysis; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; LVH: Left ventricular hypertrophy; LVSD: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction; MR: Mitral regurgitation; OR: Odds ratio; PH: Pulmonary hypertension; PD: Peritoneal dialysis; TR: Tricuspid regurgitation.