Silent cardiac burden: Echocardiographic abnormalities and their predictors in kidney transplant candidates and their impact on graft function

Table 5 Predictors of diastolic dysfunction, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	DD	No DD	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age			< 0.001	1.51 (0.49-4.60)	0.48
18-50 years	25 (17)	124 (83)
> 50 years	46 (42)	63 (58)
Gender
Male	46 (29)	112 (71)	0.47
Female	25 (25)	75 (75)
Obesity	27 (30)	62 (70)	0.48
BMI ranges			0.45
< 25	31 (25)	91 (75)
25-30	25 (33)	51 (77)
> 30	15 (25)	45 (75)
PH	21 (32)	45 (68)	0.37
LVSD	18 (58)	13 (42)	< 0.001	3.50 (0.98-12.51)	0.054
LVH	38 (41)	54 (59)	< 0.001	1.76 (0.70-4.41)	0.23
MR (grade 2-3)	44 (35)	82 (65)	0.37	1.84 (0.73-4.65)	0.20
TR	51 (31)	115 (69)	0.19	1.94 (0.69-5.50)	0.21
AR	16 (36)	29 (64)	0.20	1.26 (0.43-3.70)	0.67
Hypertension	71 (28)	180 (72)	0.20
Pericardial effusion	19 (46)	22 (54)	0.003	1.58 (0.50-4.98)	0.44
Dyslipidemia	26 (27)	70 (73)	0.90
Smoking	39 (32)	82 (68)	0.11	0.98 (0.39-2.48)	0.96
Diabetes	11 (32)	23 (68)	0.50
Impaired fasting glucose	50 (38)	80 (62)	< 0.001	1.74 (0.56-5.42)	0.34
Hyperuricemia	23 (30)	54 (70)	0.58
Duration of dialysis in months	24.96 ± 25.04	21.82 ± 20.55	0.32
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.37 ± 1.13	4.42 ± 1.17	0.78
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.88 ± 3.50	2.61 ± 1.01	0.34
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.27 ± 0.55	1.22 ± 0.47	0.53
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.64 ± 1.22	1.59 ± 1.11	0.76
Mean phosphate level (mmol/L)	1.57 ± 0.57	1.50 ± 0.57	0.50
Family history of coronary artery disease	8 (40)	12 (60)	0.20	0.71 (0.16-3.14)	0.65
Mean PTH level (pmol/L)	21.46 ± 21.77	30.49 ± 29.65	0.06	0.11 (0.98-0.96)	1.00
Pre-emptive transplant	1 (7)	13 (93)	0.17	10.03 (1.71-58.94)	0.001
Hemodialysis	58 (28)	149 (72)
Peritoneal dialysis	12 (33)	24 (67)

AR: Aortic regurgitation; BMI: Body mass index; DD: Diastolic dysfunction; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; LVH: Left ventricular hypertrophy; LVSD: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction; MR: Mitral regurgitation; OR: Odds ratio; PTH: Parathyroid hormone; PH: Pulmonary hypertension; TR: Tricuspid regurgitation.