Silent cardiac burden: Echocardiographic abnormalities and their predictors in kidney transplant candidates and their impact on graft function

Table 4 Predictors of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	LVSD	No LVSD	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age			0.71
18-50 years	17 (11)	132 (89)
> 50 years	14 (13)	94 (87)
Gender			0.42
Male	21 (13)	136 (87)
Female	10 (10)	90 (90)
Obesity	13 (15)	76 (85)	0.37
BMI ranges			0.58
< 25	15 (12)	106 (88)
25-30	7 (9)	69 (91)
> 30	9 (15)	51 (85)
PH	9 (14)	57 (86)	0.65
DD	18 (26)	52 (74)	< 0.001	3.33 (1.41-7.81)	0.006
LVH	17 (19)	74 (81)	0.016	2.33 (0.97-5.60)	0.058
MR (Grade 2-3)	22 (18)	104 (82)	0.04	2.38 (0.93-6.12)	0.07
TR	23 (14)	142 (86)	0.32
AR	7 (16)	38 (84)	0.20
Hypertension	31 (12)	219 (88)	> 0.999
Pericardial effusion	9 (22)	32(78)	0.06	1.78 (0.67-4.77)	0.25
Dyslipidemia	26 (27)	70 (73)	0.90
Smoking	18 (15)	102 (85)	0.18	1.55 (0.64-3.76)	0.33
Diabetes	5 (15)	29 (85)	0.58
Impaired fasting glucose	15 (12)	114 (88)	0.83
Hyperuricemia	12 (16)	65 (84)	0.26
Duration of dialysis in months	18.62 ± 8.67	23.22 ± 23.15	0.045	0.98 (0.96-1.01)	0.24
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.30 ± 1.11	4.41 ± 1.16	0.63
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.34 ± 5.20	2.59 ± 0.99	0.43
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.25 ± 0.59	1.23 ± 0.48	0.81
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.83 ± 1.36	1.58 ± 1.11	0.24
Mean phosphate (mmol/L)	1.60 ± 0.48	1.52 ± 0.58	0.54
Mean PTH (pmol/L)	22.81 ± 24.26	27.2 ± 27.26	0.49
Family history of coronary artery disease	6 (30)	14 (70)	0.02	4.50 (1.33-15.20)	0.015
Pre-emptive transplant	1 (7)	13 (93)	0.87	0.98 (0.96-1.01)	0.24
Hemodialysis	25(12)	181 (88)
Peritoneal dialysis	5 (14)	31 (86)

AR: Aortic regurgitation; BMI: Body mass index; DD: Diastolic dysfunction; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; LVH: Left ventricular hypertrophy; LVSD: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction; MR: Mitral regurgitation; OR: Odds ratio; PTH: Parathyroid hormone; PH: Pulmonary hypertension; TR: Tricuspid regurgitation.