Chronic kidney disease at one year after liver transplantation: Role of changes in immunosuppression over three decades

Table 3 Characteristics of liver transplant recipients classified by periods, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variables	Total patients, (n = 594)	P1 1987-1991, (n = 69)	P2 1992-1996, (n = 99)	P3 1997-2001, (n = 111)	P4 2002-2007, (n = 102)	P5 2008-2013, (n = 84)	P6 2014-2019, (n = 129)
Pre-transplant variables
Age in years	51.1 ± 10.9	42.9 ± 11.2	47.1 ± 11.8	50.5 ± 10.7	52.9 ± 9.9	54.6 ± 8.8	56 ± 8.4
Female sex	174 (29.3)	28 (40.6)	35 (35.4)	34 (30.6)	24 (23.5)	21 (25)	32 (24.8)
HTN	78 (13.1)	1 (1.4)	5 (5.1)	8 (7.2)	18 (17.6)	19 (22.6)	27 (20.9)
DM	106 (17.9)	5 (7.2)	9 (9.1)	18 (16.2)	23 (22.5)	14 (16.6)	37 (28.7)
BMI in kg/m2	25.6 ± 4.2	24.2 ± 3.8	25.1 ± 5.3	25.3 ± 3.9	25.4 ± 4.0	27 ± 3.6	26.2 ± 3.8
LT indication
Cirrhosis without tumor	410 (69)	62 (89.8)	86 (86.9)	91 (82)	68 (66.7)	40 (47.6)	63 (48.8)
HCC	149 (25.1)	3 (4.3)	9 (9.1)	13 (11.7)	32 (31.4)	37 (44)	55 (42.6)
AFH	10 (1.7)	2 (2.9)	0	2 (1.8)	1 (1)	1 (1.2)	4 (3.1)
Other	15 (2.5)	0	2 (2)	1 (0.9)	1 (1)	5 (6)	6 (4.7)
Other tumors	10 (1.7)	2 (2.9)	2 (2)	4 (3.6)	0	1 (1.2)	1 (0.8)
Child-Pugh
A	92 (15.5)	8 (11.6)	4 (4)	6 (5.4)	17 (15.7)	24 (28.6)	33 (25.6)
B	278 (46.8)	33 (47.8)	64 (64.6)	58 (52.3)	46 (45.1)	27 (32.1)	49 (38)
C	190 (32)	24 (34.8)	27 (27.3)	40 (36)	37 (36.3)	26 (31)	36 (27.9)
No cirrhosis	35 (5.9)	4 (5.8)	4 (4)	7 (6.3)	2 (2)	7 (8.3)	11 (8.5)
Pre-transplant RD	105 (17.7)	14 (20.3)	17 (17.2)	15 (13.5)	23 (22.5)	11 (13.1)	25 (19.4)
Post-transplant variables
Immunosuppression
Tac1	360 (60.6)	0	7 (7.1)	54 (48.6)	101 (99)	80 (95.2)	118 (91.5)
CsA	219 (36.9)	69 (100)	92 (92.9)	57 (51.4)	1 (1)	0	0
Steroids	397 (66.8)	69 (100)	99 (100)	102 (91.9)	72 (70.6)	19 (22.6)	35 (27.1)
AZA	152 (25.6)	11 (16)	92 (92.9)	48 (43.2)	1 (1)	0	0
MPA	243 (40.9)	0	0	19 (17.1)	44 (43.1)	68 (80.9)	112 (86.7)
BAX	246 (41.4)	0	6 (6)	9 (8.2)	25 (24.5)	77 (91.7)	129 (100)
HTN at 6 months	202 (34.8)	18 (26,1)	49 (49.5)	27 (24.3)	24 (23.5)	40 (47.6)	44 (34.1)
DM at 6 months	175 (29.6)	14 (20.3)	20 (20.2)	34 (30.9)	39 (38.2)	24 (28.9)	44 (34.4)
Renal dysfunction
At 1 month	218 (36.8)	22 (31.9)	48 (48.5)	52 (46.8)	46 (45.5)	21 (25)	29 (22.5)
At 6 months	261 (44.3)	28 (40.6)	63 (63.6)	61 (55)	43 (44.3)	29 (34.5)	37 (28.7)
CKD at 1 year	290 (48.8)	37 (53.6)	74 (74.7)	62 (55.9)	47 (46.1)	32 (38.1)	38 (29.5)

¹Corresponds to treatment with tacrolimus (Tac) in the first 7 days. In the P5 and P6 groups, Tac use was 100% from that point forward.

AFH: Acute fulminant hepatitis; AZA: Azathioprine; BAX: Basiliximab; BMI: Body mass index; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; CsA: Cyclosporine A; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HCC: Hepatocellular; HTN: Arterial hypertension; LT: Liver transplant; MPA: Mycophenolic acid; RD: Renal dysfunction; Tac: Tacrolimus.