Chronic kidney disease at one year after liver transplantation: Role of changes in immunosuppression over three decades

Table 1 Characteristics of liver transplant recipients, n (%)/median (25^th-75^th percentiles)

Variables	Total patients, (n = 594)	Patients with CKD at 1 year, (n = 290)	Patients without CKD at 1 year, (n = 304)	P value
Pre-transplant variables
Age in years	52.9 (45-59.08)	54.61 (46.07-60)	52.17 (43.93-58.42)	0.009
Female sex	174 (29.3)	109 (37.6)	65 (21.4)	< 0.001
HTN	78 (13.1)	42 (14.5)	36 (11.8)	0.406
DM	106 (17.9)	52 (17.9)	54 (17.8)	0.972
BMI in kg/m2	25.2 (22.76-28)	24.61 (22.57-27.75)	25.64 (22.93-28.57)	0.023
LT indication				0.007
Cirrhosis without tumor	410 (69)	212 (73.1)	198 (65.1)
HCC	149 (25.1)	58 (20)	91 (29.9)
AFH	10 (1.7)	4 (1.4)	6 (2)
Other	15 (2.5)	12 (4.1)	3 (1)
Other tumors	10 (1.7)	4 (1.4)	6 (2)
Child-Pugh				0.113
A	102 (17.2)	37 (12.8)	65 (21.4)
B	277 (46.6)	141 (48.6)	136 (44.7)
C	194 (32.7)	100 (34.5)	94 (30.9)
No cirrhosis	21 (3.5)	12 (4.1)	9 (3)
Pre-transplant RD	105 (17.7)	75 (25.9)	30 (9.9)	< 0.001
Post-transplant variables
Immunosuppression				< 0.001
Tac	375 (63.1)	146 (50.3)	229 (75,3)
CsA	219 (36.9)	143 (49.3)	76 (25)
Steroids	397 (66.8)	223 (76.9)	174 (57.2)
AZA	158 (26.6)	109 (37.6)	49 (16.1)
MPA	243 (40.9)	87 (30)	156 (51.3)
BAX	246 (41.4)	91 (31,4)	155 (50.9)
HTN at 6 months	202 (34.8)	113 (39)	89 (30)	0.013
DM at 6 months	175 (29.6)	96 (33.1)	79 (26.2)	0.074
Renal dysfunction
At 1 month	218 (36.8)	157 (54.1)	61 (20.1)	< 0.001
At 6 months	261 (44.3)	219 (75.5)	42 (13.8)	< 0.001

AFH: Acute fulminant hepatitis; AZA: Azathioprine; BAX: Basiliximab; BMI: Body mass index; CsA: Cyclosporine A; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HTN: Arterial hypertension; LT: Liver transplant; MPA: Mycophenolic acid; RD: Renal dysfunction; Tac: Tacrolimus.