Dietary interventions vs octreotide for post liver transplantation chylous ascites: A scoping review

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Design	Age	Intervention	Population	Duration to the incidence of CA	Outcomes	LT characteristics and underlying diseases
Wang et al[40]	Retrospective	61 (31-83) years	MCT + EN + LFD	63	N/A	58 fully recovered	N/A
Pan et al[25]	Retrospective	Undisclosed	MCT + LFD (n = 8/36); octreotide (n = 36/58); TPN (n = 12/36); EN + MCT (n = 11)	58	N/A	Treatment with somatostatin showed immediate and significant CA decrease after 24 hours compared with no somatostatin treatment	N/A
Miserachs et al[41]	Retrospective	2.8 years	LFD or MCT diet in 94% and intravenous octreotide (6%)	317	10 days	Nutritional interventions used in 16 patients did not diminish peritoneal drain losses. octreotide used in one patient did not reduce chylous leakage volume	153 Living donor transplants and 164 deceased donor transplantations
Matsuura et al[8]	Retrospective	With post-LT CA = 10.7 ± 11.0 vs without post-LT CA = 8.3 ± 9.2	LFD containing MCT (n = 5); I patient TPN and octreotide induced in 4 cases	94 (6 with post-LT CA; 88 without post-LT CA)	10.8 ± 3.6 days	Total daily drainage volume was reduced in 2 cases with nutritional interventions; octreotide was associated with complete resolution of CA after 19.5 ± 7.6 days	LT for biliary atresia, congenital metabolic disease, congenital absence of portal vein and hepatoblastoma
Shapiro et al[28]	Case study	55-year-old male	Fasting, somatostatin analog (octreotide) and TPN	1	N/A	Complete CA resolution after 2 days	LT for hepatic cirrhosis
Ünlüsoy Aksu et al[10]	Case study	11-month-old female	Fasting + diuretics + somatostatin analog	1	N/A	Complete CA resolution after 21 days	N/A
Baran et al[1]	Case study	Case 1 3.5-year-old; Case 2 5-year-old	TPN + somatostatin analog	2	N/A	Complete CA resolution after 7 days	LT for biliary atresia and hepatoblastoma
Ijichi et al[42]	Case study	40-year-old	LFD + somatostatin	1	21 days	LFD + somatostatin analog failed to solve CA after 104 days. Somatostatin. TPN completely solved CA with no adverse events	Living donor LT for biliary cirrhosis
Mukerji et al[36]	Case study	62-year-old male	LFD + 12-hour parenteral nutrition and octreotide for 14 days	1	11 days	No resolution after 2 weeks following LFD and 12-hour parenteral nutrition: Prompt improvement seen after octreotide introduction	LT for cirrhosis, hepatitis C and HCC
Chen et al[29]	Case study	56-year-old male	TPN plus somatostatin + sirolimus	1	180 days	Complete CA clearance after 30 days following sirolimus discontinuation	Living donor LT for biliary cirrhosis and alcohol-related end-stage liver disease
Saab et al[43]	Case study	49-year-old- male	LFD + MCT	1	30 days	Complete CA resolution 2 months	LT for hepatitis C and alcohol abuse
Shiba et al[16]	Case study	46-year-old male	TPN + LFD	1	22 days	Complete CA resolution 2 months	LT for primary biliary cirrhosis
Saucedo-Crespo et al[44]	Case study	49-year-old male	LFD-high protein diet	1	5 years	Complete CA resolution after 4 days	LT for cryptogenic cirrhosis

TPN: Total parenteral nutrition; EN: Enteral nutrition; LFD: Low fat diet; MCT: Medium-chain triglycerides; LT: Liver transplantation; N/A: Not available or undisclosed: CA: Chylous ascites; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.