Expanding boundaries: The evolution and future of living donor kidney transplantation

Table 1 Core components of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols in living donor kidney transplantation

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery domain	Intervention strategies	Intended benefit
Preoperative	Patient education, prehabilitation, carbohydrate loading	Reduce anxiety, enhance metabolic readiness
Intraoperative	Opioid-sparing anesthesia, goal-directed fluid therapy, normothermia	Minimize physiologic stress, maintain stability
Postoperative	Early mobilization, multimodal analgesia, early oral intake	Shorten recovery, reduce complications
Discharge planning	Standardized criteria for discharge, coordinated outpatient follow-up	Reduce length of stay, improve continuity of care