Towards curing type 1 diabetes: Prospects and challenges of allogeneic or xenogeneic donor islet cell transplantation

Figure 2 Graphic view of the journey towards the cure of type 1 diabetes. The scientific and clinical sectors have begun the endeavour to develop a curative therapy for type 1 diabetes after the discovery of insulin in 1921. The first human pancreas transplantation was successfully performed in 1960, the first alloislet transplantation was carried out in 1980 and the Edmonton protocol was first reported in 2000. The first pig xenoislet clinical trial was performed in 1994 and first human pluripotent stem cell-derived insulin-secreting cells underwent clinical trials in 2015. For more details, please read the relevant texts.