Towards curing type 1 diabetes: Prospects and challenges of allogeneic or xenogeneic donor islet cell transplantation

Figure 1 Problems of current insulin replacement therapy. A: Insulin therapies are associated with iatrogenic hypoglycaemia (blood glucose concentration < 70 mg/dL, 80%); B: Sensor-enhanced insulin pumps (known as artificial pancreas). Insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring only reduce but do not eliminate severe hypoglycaemic events/episodes (blood glucose concentration < 54 mg/dL); C: The incidence of severe hypoglycaemia associated with insulin therapies including artificial pancreas is approximate 7% in type 1 diabetes and insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes patients; D: Over 90% type 1 diabetes patients wish for insulin-independence. T1D: Type 1 diabetes; T2D: Type 2 diabetes.