Impact of tacrolimus intra-patient variability in adverse outcomes after organ transplantation

Table 1 Tacrolimus intra-patient variability in heart transplantation: Main findings

Heart transplantation
Ref.	Sample size	Donor type	Tac-IPV, assessment	Outcome
Gueta et al[22], 2018	72	Deceased	CV	High trough level variability is associated with higher rates of graft rejection, and trough level variability during the first year is associated with increased risk of rejection after HT
Shuker et al[23], 2018	86	Deceased	MAD	A high IPV was not associated with the development and progression of cardiac allograft vasculopathy or development of acute cellular rejection
González-Vílchez et al[24], 2022	1581	Deceased	CV	IPV levels had limited influence on mid-term outcomes in heart transplant, however high IPV may predispose to rejection in initially stable patients
Baker et al[25], 2019	67	Deceased	TTR	Higher TTR was not associated with a lower rate of Acute Cellular Rejection within the first 30 d after heart transplant
Pollock-Barziv et al[26], 2010	144	Deceased	SD	Associated Tac IPV with late rejection as well as worse patient and graft survival, but it is worth to mention that few heart transplant recipients were included in this study
Sirota et al[27], 2021	118	Deceased	SD	SD ≥ 3 is associated with increased risk of poor outcomes

CV: Coefficient of variability; HT: Heart transplant; MAD: Mean absolute deviation; TTR: Time in therapeutic range; SD: Standard deviation.