Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in lung transplantation: Indications, techniques and results

Table 3 Outcomes of the main studies on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for intraoperative support during lung transplantation

Ref.	No. of patients	Type of ECMO	Complications	PGD rates	In hospital mortality	1-yr survival	3-yr survival
Glorion et al[43], 2018	103	pECMO 47.5%	Rethoracotomy for bleeding 21.4%	72 h grade 1-2: 70.8%	12.6%	82.4%	65%
		cECMO 52.5%	Chest infections 5.8%	72 h grade 3: 33%
			Deep vein thrombosis 18.4%
			Lower limb ischemia 6.8%
Pettenuzzo et al[45], 2018	15	NR	Bleeding/surgical revision 26.6%	NR	13.3%	NR	NR
			Pulmonary thromboembolism 6.7%
			Cardiogenic shock 13.3%
			Cerebrovascular events 6.7%
			Sepsis with MOF 6.7%
			Deep vein thrombosis 26.7%
Hoetzenecker et al[6], 2018	343	cECMO 100%	Revision surgery 35%	72 h grade 0: 87.5%	NR	91%	85%
			Leg ischemia 0.6%	72 h grade 1: 5.4%
			Thromboembolic events 1.4%	72 h grade 2: 3.9%
				72 h grade 3: 3.3%
Cosgun et al[44], 2017	134	NR	Lymphocele 10.4%	48 h or 72 h grade 2 or 3: 7.3%	NR	84.2%	60%
			Limb ischemia 0.7%
			Revision for hemothorax 12%
			Local bleeding 0.7%
			Local infection 0.7%
Ius et al[4], 2018	281	NR	Rethoracotomy for bleeding 17.8%	24 h grade 2-3: 31.3%	NR	NR	74%
			Cerebrovascular events 1.8%	48 h grade 2-3: 35.2%
			Vascular complications 9.6%	72 h grade 2-3: 28.8%
Hoetzenecker et al[41], 2020	159	cECMO 100%	Wound infections 8.2%	Grade 0: 48.4%	NR	86%	NR
			Evacuation of hemothorax 8.2%	Grade 1: 4.4%
			Thromboembolic events 0%	Grade 2: 3.1%
			Local bleeding 0%	Grade 3: 2.5%
			Local infection 3.2%	Ungrad: 3.1%
Dell’Amore et al[46], 2020	38	cECMO 76%	Evacuation of hemothorax 16%	72 h grade 3: 16%	18%	76%	69%
		CPB 24%	Acute renal failure 21%
			Pneumonia 29%

ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; MOF: Multiorgan failure; NR: not reported; c: Central; p: Peripheral; Ungrad: Ungradable; CPB: Cardiopulmonary bypass; PGD: Primary graft dysfunction