Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in lung transplantation: Indications, techniques and results

Table 2 Outcomes of the main studies on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplantation

Ref.	Number of patients	Median duration of ECMO	Mode of ECMO	Complications	Successful bridge (%)	In-hospital mortality	1-yr survival	3-yr survival
Tipograf et al[31], 2019	121	12 d	VV (52%)	ECMO site 11%	59%	9%	88%	83%
			VA (43%)	Renal 8.3%
			VAV (2.5%)	Vascular 12%
			RA-LA (1.6%)	Cardiac arrest 9.9%
			PA-LA (0.8%)	Cerebrovascular 12%
Biscotti et al[29], 2017	72	12 d	VV (62.5%)	ECMO site 15.2%	55.6%	7.5%	90.3%	NR
			VA (31.9%)	Renal 8.3%
			VAV (4.2%)	Vascular 15.2%
			PA-LA (1.4%)	Cerebrovascular 5.5%
Hakim et al[32], 2018	30	8 d	VV (80%)	Bleeding 33%	87%	NR	85%	80%
			VA (16.7%)	Cardiac arrest 13%
			VVA (3.3%)	Cannula fracture 3%
				Thrombocytopenia 23%
				Needing paralytics 27%
Benazzo et al[33], 2019	120	5 d	VV 34%	Vascular 3.3%	80%	23.3%	69%	NR
			VA 30%	Cannula related 6.6%
			iLA 21.7%	IDC 0.8%
			VAV 0.8%
			Other 13.3%
Todd et al[27], 2017	12	2 d	VV 92%	NR	100%	0%	100%	NR
			VA 8%
Yeo et al[28], 2017	19	17.5 d	VV 79%	Bleeding 26%	73.7%	42%	57.9%	NR
			VA 16%	Infections 10.5%
			VAV 5%
Ko et al[30], 2020	27	11 d	VV 89%	Bleeding 46.7%	100%	25.9%	75%	70%
			VAV 7.4%	Infections 26.7%
			VA 3.7%	Airway 13.3%
Hoetzenecker et al[34], 2018	71	10 d	VV 42.3%	Cerebrovascular 4.2%	88.7%	NR	70%	63%
			VA 9.9%	Renal 31.7%
			PA-LA 12.7%	Bleeding 34.9%
			Other 33.8%
Ius et al[35], 2018	87	9 d	VV 73%	Bleeding 21%	78%	15%	79%	NR
			VA 37%	Renal 27%
				Vascular 10%
				Cerebrovascular 2%
				Atrial fibrillation 13%

ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; VV: Veno-venous; VA: Veno-arterial; VAV: Veno-arterial-venous; PA-LA: Pulmonary artery-left atrium; RA-LA: Right atrium-left atrium; NR: Not reported; iLA: Interventional Lung Assist.