Perioperative risk factors associated with delayed graft function following deceased donor kidney transplantation: A retrospective, single center study

Table 1 Preoperative characteristics of recipients with and without delayed graft function

	All patients	DGF	No DGF	P value
	n = 294	n = 79	n = 215
Transplant, yr, n (%)				0.18
2016	175 (60)	52 (66)	123 (57)
2017	119 (40)	27 (34)	92 (43)
Age, yr	56 (44-64)	58 (50-63)	54 (41-64)	0.06
Male, n (%)	186 (63)	50 (63)	136 (63)	0.99
Race, n (%)				0.35
Caucasian	48 (16)	8 (10)	40 (19)
Afro-American	153 (52)	45 (57)	108 (50)
Hispanic	88 (30)	25 (32)	63 (29)
Other	5 (2)	1 (1)	4 (2)
BMI, kg/m2	28 (24-32)	29 (26-35)	27 (24-30)	0.001a
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2	97 (33)	37 (47)	60 (28)	0.002a
Redo transplant, n (%)	26 (8)	4 (5)	22 (10)	0.17
Dialysis type, n (%)				0.26
Peritoneal	24 (8)	6 (8)	18 (8)
Hemodialysis	263 (90)	73 (92)	190 (88)
Pre-dialysis	7 (2)	0 (0)	7 (3)
Duration of dialysis, mo	67.4 (29.1-88.7)	67.4 (52.5-92.9)	67.1 (46.6-87.2)	0.37
Preoperative baseline laboratory
WBC, × 103/µL	6.6 (5.5-8.2)	6.8 (5.7-8.5)	6.6 (5.4-8.1)	0.22
Hgb, g/dL	11.1 (10.2-12.1)	11.1 (10.2-12.9)	11.2 (10.1-12.2)	0.66
Hct, %	34.5 (31.0-37.6)	34.7 (31.2-37.0)	34.5 (30.9-37.8)	0.97
K+, mmol/L	4.7 (4.3-5.2)	4.9 (4.4-5.4)	4.7 (4.3-5.1)	0.05
HCO3-, mmol/L	26 (23-29)	26 (23-28)	26 (23-29)	0.36
Na+, mmol/L	140 (138-142)	140 (138-143)	140 (138-142)	0.25
Creatinine, mg/dL	8.9 (6.7-11.2)	9.11 (7.1-11.1)	8.9 (6.7-11.2)	0.88
Medical history, n (%)
Hypertension	285 (97)	77 (97)	208 (97)	0.75
Diabetes	108 (37)	42 (53)	66 (31)	0.001a
Dyslipidemia	159 (54)	57 (72)	102 (47)	0.001a
CAD	67 (23)	28 (35)	39 (18)	0.002a
Smoking	79 (27)	19 (24)	60 (28)	0.51
Preoperative medications, n (%)
ACEi/ARB	99 (34)	19 (24)	80 (37)	0.03a
CC-blocker	134 (46)	35 (44)	99 (46)	0.79
Beta-blocker	168 (57)	47 (59)	121 (56)	0.62
Diuretic	33 (11)	12 (15)	21 (10)	0.19
Statin	107 (36)	43 (54)	64 (30)	0.001a
Aspirin	94 (32)	35 (44)	59 (27)	0.006a
Clopidogrel1	22 (7)	11 (14)	11 (5)	0.01a
Midodrine	8 (3)	2 (3)	6 (3)	0.9
Echocardiography
LV EF < 50%, n (%)	8 (3)	3 (4)	5 (2)	0.49
DD Grade 2 or 3, n (%)	44 (15)	14 (18)	30 (14)	0.42
LVH, n (%)	183 (62)	55 (70)	128 (60)	0.11
RVSP, mmHg	28 (23-34)	27 (22-34)	28 (23-33)	0.91

Values are presented as medians with 25^th and 75^th percentiles, or as numbers (n) and percentages %.

^aP < 0.05 denotes statistical significance.

¹11 patients on both aspirin and clopidogrel.

BMI: Body mass index; DGF: Delayed graft function; WBC: White blood cell count; Hgb: Hemoglobin; Hct: Hematocrit; K⁺: Potassium; NaHCO3: Sodium bicarbonate; Na⁺: Sodium; CAD: Coronary artery disease; ACEi: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin II receptor blocker; CC-blocker: Calcium channel blocker; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; DD: Diastolic dysfunction; LVH: Left ventricular hypertrophy; RVSP: Right ventricular systolic pressure.