Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Transplant. Nov 18, 2021; 11(11): 480-502
Published online Nov 18, 2021. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v11.i11.480
Table 4 Post-mortem kidney biopsy findings in coronavirus disease 2019 cases
Ref.
Number in series
Number with kidney histology
Age-median (range)
Gender (male), n (%)
Comorbidities, n (%)
AKI, n (%)
RRT, n (%)
Covid treatment, n (%)
Pathological findings, n (%)
Bradley et al[52]141473.5 (42-84)6Diabetes 5, HTN 9, CKD 56 (1 at presentation)-ATI 11, FSGS 1, chronic inflammation 1, renal vein thrombus 1
Su et al[67]262669 (39-87)19Diabetes 3, HTN 11, CKD 2-5 (6 no record)Arbidol 10, Ribavirin 2, Lopinavir/ritonavir 5, steroids 15ATI 26, TMA 1, FSGS 2, pigment nephropathy 3, IgA 1, pyelonephritis 2, PIGN 1
Santoriello et al[64]4231 (11 excluded due to autolysis)71.5 (38-97)29Diabetes 17, HTN 30, CKD 831 (94)-stage (38.1)8 (36)Plaquenil 36, steroids 22 (61% combination), tocilizumab 6 (17%)ATI 31, TMA 6, collapsing FSGS 1, chronic inflammation 27, IgA 1
Farkash et al[55]1153--11HCQ, IL-6 blinded trialATI 1
Werion et al[68]49664 (54-74)34Diabetes 10, HTN 23, CKD 711 (22)2 (4)HCQ 48 (98%), azi 7 (14%), steroids 7 14%), IL-7: 8 (16.5%), tocilizumab 1 (2%)ATI 5, FSGS 1, chronic inflammation 2
Lax et al[60]1111N/A8Diabetes 5, HTN 86 (54.5)-Azi/HCQ 2ATI 11, chronic inflammation 2
Golmai et al[56]121275 (49-92)10Diabetes 4, HTN 9, CKD 198Tocilizumab/HCQ/steroids 7, HCQ/steroids 4ATI 9, oxalosis 1
Falasca et al[54]18976.5 (27-92)12Diabetes 4, HTN 4 , CKD 2--Chronic inflammation 12
Schurink et al[65]212168 (41-78)16Diabetes 115 (71); 10 stage 35Chloroquine 10 (48%), antiviral 4 (19%), steroids 5 (24%)ATI 12, TMA 1
Hanley et al[58]10973 (IQR 52-79)7HTN 4---ATI 9, TMA 5
Rapkiewicz et al[62]7760 (44-65)3Diabetes 5, HTN 6, CKD 1--Azi/HCQ 2, Azi/HCQ/Tocilizumab 2, Azi/HCQ/AnakinraATI 7, TMA 1
González Pessolani et al[57]42782Diabetes 1, HTN 12-ATI 2, TMA 1
Jacobs et al[59]11781HTN 111Azi/HCQ/steroidsATI 1, Oxalosis 1
Sekulic et al[66]22(54-81)2Diabetes 2, HTN 2, CKD 12-Remdesivir 1ATI 2
Remmelink et al[63]171772 (62-77)12Diabetes 9, HTN 10, CKD 315-HCQ 15, Steroids 2, Lopinavir/ritonavir 2, Remdesivir 2, Oseltamivir 1-
Brook et al[53]5375 (58-82)1Diabetes 2, HTN 3, CKD 1---ATI 3
Menter et al[61]211776 (53-96)17Diabetes 7, HTN 21, CKD 4---ATI 14, TMA 2