Factors predicting futility of liver transplant in elderly recipients: A single-center experience

Table 1 Comparison of patients over the age of 65 who underwent transplant and died within 90 d from transplant compared to those who survived beyond 90 d

Characteristic	Death within 90 d, N = 20	Survival beyond 90 d, N = 240	P value
Age, mean ± SD	67.30 ± 1.78	67.81 ± 2.71	0.821
Year of transplant, median (percentiles)	2014 (2012-2016)	2015 (2013-2018)	0.183
Comorbid conditions, n (%)
Obesity	6 (30.0)	57 (23.8)	0.590
CHF	6 (30.0)	12 (5.0)	0.001a
CKD	1 (5.0)	23 (9.6)	0.705
HTN	14 (70.0)	152 (63.3)	0.550
DM	9 (45.0)	109 (45.4)	0.971
CAD	8 (40.0)	73 (30.4)	0.374
PH	2 (10.0)	9 (3.8)	0.203
Arrhythmias	3 (15.0)	32 (13.3)	0.739
Pre-transplant severity of disease
Ascites
None	2 (10.0)	34 (14.2)	0.269
Mild	7 (35.0)	111 (46.3)
Moderate	3 (15.0)	45 (18.8)
Severe	8 (40.0)	50 (20.8)
Encephalopathy
None	3 (15.0)	61 (25.4)	0.397
Grade 1-2	17 (85.0)	172 (71.7)
Grade 3-4	0 (0)	7 (2.9)
Child-Pugh Score	9.8 +/- 1.7	9.08 +/- 2.0	0.127
A	0 (0)	26 (10.5)	0.257
B	8 (40)	116 (48.3)
C	12 (60.0)	98 (40.8)
Karnofsky performance index	53.50 ± 20.1	55.69 ± 21.6	0.555
Indication for transplant, n (%)
Cirrhosis	16 (80.0)	147 (56.5)	0.143
NASH	6 (30.0)	54 (22.5)	0.419
Autoimmune	2 (10.0)	3 (1.3)	0.049
Alcohol	2 (10.0)	32 (13.3)	0.999
Hepatitis C	2 (10.0)	18 (7.5)	0.658
Cryptogenic	1 (5.0)	14 (5.8)	0.999
PSC	0 (0)	11 (4.6)	0.999
PBC	2 (10.0)	11 (4.6)	0.263
Hemochromatosis	0 (0)	4 (1.7)	0.999
HCC and cirrhosis	4 (20.0)	87 (36.3)	0.143
Acute liver failure	0 (0)	6 (2.5)	0.999
Primary etiology of liver disease, n (%)
Alcohol related cirrhosis	2 (10)	46 (19.2)	0.55
NASH cirrhosis	8 (40)	78 (32.5)	0.49
Cirrhosis due to viral hepatitis	2 (10)	48 (20)	0.38
Other	8 (40)	68 (28.3)	0.27
Lab values, mean ± SD
Sodium	135.70 ± 4.3	136.12 ± 4.3	0.678
INR	1.51 ± 0.4	1.49 ± 0.5	0.241
Creatinine	1.68 ± 1.0	1.45 ± 1.0	0.133
Total Bili	6.34 ± 6.8	5.46 ± 7.8	0.271
MELD-Sodium	21.78 ± 8.6	19.66 ± 9.0	0.236
Albumin	3.16 ± 0.6	3.18 ± 0.6	0.889

^aP < 0.05. CHF: Congestive heart failure; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; HTN: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CAD: Coronary artery disease; PH: Pulmonary hypertension; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; PBC: Primary biliary cholangitis; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; INR: International normalized ratio; MELD: Model of End-Stage Liver Disease.