©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Rheumatol. Mar 12, 2015; 5(1): 1-22
Published online Mar 12, 2015. doi: 10.5499/wjr.v5.i1.1
Published online Mar 12, 2015. doi: 10.5499/wjr.v5.i1.1
Table 2 Risk factors for interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis
| Factors | |
| Environmental | Cigarette smoking |
| Occupational exposure (silica) | |
| Demographic | Male sex |
| Age (≥ 65 yr) | |
| Genetic | HLA-DRB1 alleles |
| Clinical | RA duration |
| Anti-CCP (high titers) | |
| RF (high titers) | |
| Medications | Methotrexate |
| Leflunomide | |
| Sulfasalazine | |
| TNF-α inhibitors |
- Citation: Olivas-Flores EM, Bonilla-Lara D, Gamez-Nava JI, Rocha-Muñoz AD, Gonzalez-Lopez L. Interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: Current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutics. World J Rheumatol 2015; 5(1): 1-22
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3214/full/v5/i1/1.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5499/wjr.v5.i1.1