Underrecognition and un-dertreatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders in physicians: Determinants, challenges, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 1 Summary of recommended management and intervention strategies

Individual	Work environment	Program	Ref.
Personal resilience methods focused on self-care	Decreasing the amount of time physicians spend on non-clinical tasks, organizational changes to improve usability of electronic medical record systems, the adoption of scribes	Programmatic approaches to promoting physician well-being	[3]
Meditation, mindfulness training, and individualized professional coaching and groups for stress management			[67-70]
Self-care practices including awareness, balance, flexibility, social support, physical health, and spirituality		Integrating self-care practice into clinical training programs and the quality assurance courses of professional associations	[68]
Peer roleplaying to establish self-awareness and social support, enhance communication skills, and inform about available mental health resources, thus encouraging intervention	A strong informational and emotional social support system	Resident physician burnout and peer communication curriculum	[73]
Mindfulness	Mentorship	Clinical preparation interventions	[71]
	Providing confidential, free, and individual on-site counseling and medication management	RFWP	[76]
	A novel smartphone app offering a digital-first mental health resource		[75]
Normalizing depression as a medical disorder, decreasing the stigma of mental disorders, and encouraging faculty and physicians to seek treatment			[72]

RFWP: Resident and Faculty Wellness and Peer Support Program.