Dissociation and disasters: A systematic review

Table 2 Studies of dissociation in child and adolescent disaster survivors

Disaster	Sample	Measures	Results
Hurricane Katrina (New Orleans, LA 2005)[41]	112 exposed students with ≥ 1 other trauma exposure	9 TSCC dissoc. items	4-mo to 7-yr dissoc. associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms, anger, anxiety, depression
Earthquake (Turkey 2011)[34]	738 exposed high school students	A-DES	6-mo dissoc. associated with posttraumatic stress, anxiety, prior mental health problems, metacognitions, but not with age, sex, disaster exposure, prior exposure to trauma
Earthquake (Turkey 1999)[33]	202 exposed, 101 unexposed children	11 TDGS dissoc. items	Exposed children had higher 4-5 mo perceptual distortions (1.3 vs 1.2), body-self distortions (1.1 vs 1.1) (range = 1-3 for both subscales)
Ferry disaster (South Korea 2014)[65]	57 child and adolescent survivors	3 PDEQ items	20-mo dissoc. associated with posttraumatic symptoms
Earthquake (China 2010)[116]	753 exposed middle school students	1 UPRI dissoc. item (derealization)	Majority (77%) positive for derealization. 6-mo derealization predicted PTSD

A-DES[117]: Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale; dissoc.: Dissociation; TDGS[33]: Traumatic Dissociation and Grief Scale; TSCC[118]: Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children; UPRI[119]: The University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index.