Bullying among people with visual impairment: Prevalence, associated factors and relationship to self-efficacy and life satisfaction

Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses addressing bullying exposure and its association with self-efficacy and life satisfaction among individuals with VI (n = 736)

Lifetime bullying	Mean (SD)	Unadjusted1	Adjusted12
		RR (95%CI)	RR (95%CI)
Self-efficacy
No (n = 429)	32.0 (4.8)	Reference	Reference
Yes (n = 307)	30.8 (5.4)	0.28	0.41 (0.19-0.87)
Life satisfaction
No (n = 429)	7.0 (1.9)	Reference	Reference
Yes (n = 307)	6.5 (2.2)	0.60	0.69 (0.52-0.91)

¹CI estimates were bootstrapped with 10000 replications and a variance multiplied by 1;

²Adjusted for gender, age (18-35, 36-50, 51-65, ≥ 66), current education level (< 10 years, 10-13 years, ≥ 14 years), working or studying (no, yes, retired), other impairments (no, yes), marital status (single, married/partner, former married/partner), and severity of VI (moderate VI/other, severe VI, blindness). RR: Risk ratio; SD: Standard deviation; VI: Visual impairment.