Biomarkers in schizophrenia: A focus on blood based diagnostics and theranostics

Figure 3 Representation of potential peripheral biomarkers for schizophrenia. Only markers consistently reported in two or more individual peripheral studies are listed in the figure. The markers were classified as either diagnostic (D), antipsychotic TR or both. SZP indicates those markers have been reported to correlate with phenotypes (i.e., clinical symptom or cognitive function) in people with schizophrenia. Some markers were NS for schizophrenia. PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; HVA: Homovanillic acid; Vit. B6: Vitamin B6 (pyridoxamine); ICAM: Intercellular adhesion molecule; DRD₂: Dopamine receptors D₂; IFN: Interferon; CB2: Cannabinoid receptor; TR: Treatment response; NS: Not specific.