Sex differences in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease

Table 3 Cohen’s d effect sizes (95%CI) in different cognitive domains

Ref.	Sample size			Semantic	Non-semantic	Verbal	Visual-spatial	Memory
	M	F	Total	d	d	d	d	d
Marra et al[41]	85	168	253	-0.23		-0.23
Beinhoff et al[45]	26	23	49	-0.07	-0.44	-0.22	-0.60	-0.37
Hendersen et al[46]	22	24	46	-0.37	-0.37	-0.37	-0.18
Hendersen et al[46]	270	377	647	-0.30	-0.12	-0.30	-0.11	-0.12
Moreno-Martinez et al[50]	28	33	61	-0.42		-0.42
Buckwalter et al[55]	72	87	159	-0.46	-0.24	-0.46	-0.24
McPherson et al[71]	23	36	59	-0.24	-0.54	-0.35		-0.71
Ripich et al[78]	29	31	60	-0.74		-0.74
Bayles et al[79]	30	33	63	-0.10		-0.10
Perneczky et al[81]	50	43	93	-0.24	-0.12	-0.20	0.02	-0.17
Heun et al[101]	17	76	93		-0.18		-0.62	-0.04
Millet et al[102]	20	20	40		-0.40	0.08	-0.63	-0.40
Laiacona et al[107]	11	15	26	-0.29		-0.29
Hendersen et al[136]	26	27	53	-0.26	-0.22	-0.09	-0.44	-0.15
Hebert et al[137]	119	245	364	-0.23	0.04	-0.09
Total	828	1238	2066	-0.25 (-0.42 to -0.07)	-0.14 (-0.26 to -0.02)	-0.27 (-0.37 to -0.16)	-0.24 (-0.43 to -0.05)	-0.17 (-0.33 to 0.01)

Negative effect sizes favour men and positive effect sizes favour women; numbers in parenthesis are 95%CIs. M: Male; F: Female.