Sex differences in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease

Table 1 Sex differences in studies assessing fluency and naming in the elderly

Ref.	Sample size		MMSE		Tasks	Finding
	M	F	M	F
Marra et al[41]	85	168	19.1	17.6	CF (fu)	NS
					CF (b)	M > F
Monsch et al[42]	43	46			LF (F, A, S)	NS
					CF (s, n)	NS
					CF (a + f + ve)	F > M
Beinhoff et al[45]	26	23	25.6	24.7	CF (a)	NS
					CN	NS
Henderson et al[46]	22	24			CN	M > F
Henderson et al[46]	270	377	17.5	17.3	CF (a)	M > F
					CN	M > F
Moreno-Martinez et al[49]	28	33	21.2	18.9	CF (I, tr, v, t, mi)	M > F
					CF (a, fl, f, fu, k, c, bg, bp)	NS
Randolph et al[53]	129	196			CN	M > F
Buckwalter et al[55]	72	87	17.8	16.5	CN	M > F
McPherson et al[77]	23	36	23.3	22.2	LF (F, A, S)	NS
					CF (a)	NS
					CN	M > F
Ripich et al[78]	29	31			LF (F, A, S)	NS
					CN	M > F
Bayles et al[79]	30	33	15.2	15.9	LF (A, S)	NS
					CF (a, f)	NS
					CN	NS
Perneczky et al[81]	50	43	23.9	23.0	CF (a)	NS
					CN	M > F
Henderson et al[136]	26	27	13.8	11.8	LF (F, A, S)	NS
					CF (a)	NS
					CN	NS

F: Female; M: Male; NS: Not significant; MMSE: Mini mental state examination; CF: Category fluency; CN: Confrontation naming; LF: Lexical fluency; CF: Categories; a: Animals; b: Birds; bg: Buildings; bp: Body parts; c: Clothing; f: Fruit; fl: Flowers; fu: Furniture; i: Insects; k: Kitchen utensils; mi: Musical instruments; n: First names; s: Supermarket items; t: Tools, tr: Trees; v: Vehicles; ve: Vegetables.