Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in first episode of psychosis: A systematic review

Table 2 Basal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Ref.	FEP (ng/mL)	Controls (ng/mL)	Results	Effect size d (CI)
Jockers-Scherübl et al[9]	13.1 ± 5.9	13.2 ± 0.2	No difference	0.10 (-0.18-0.38)
Zakharyan et al[10]	0.176 ± 0.014	0.24 ± 0.3	↓ in FEP	1.21 (0.75-1.67)
Murphy et al[11]	Missing data	Missing data	No difference	-
Sotiropoulou et al[12]	12620 ± 1860	14520 ± 2180	↓ in FEP	0.64 (0.23-1.04)
Ruiz de Azua et al[13]	6.09 ± 3.70	9.19 ± 4.21	↓ in FEP	0.66 (0.24-1.07)
Yoshimura et al[14]	0.7 ± 0.4	Missing data	↓ in FEP	0.43 (0.03-0.82)
Rizos et al[5]	9.76 ± 4.61	15.33 ± 6.34	↓ in FEP	0.99 (0.34-1.64)
González-Pinto et al[15]	4.09 ± 2.31	5.80 ± 2.66	↓ in FEP	-
Rizos et al[16]	18.87 ± 8.23	29.20 ± 7.73	↓ in FEP	0.72 (0.17-1.26)
Jindal et al[17]	0.09 ± 0.03	0.117 ± 0.04	↓ in FEP	0.54 (0.10-0.99)
Goto et al[18]	Missing data	Missing data	No difference	0.38 (-0.28-1.04)
Pillai et al[19]	Missing data	Missing data	↓ in FEP	0.53 (0.05-1.00)
Rizos et al[20]	Missing data	Missing data	↓ in FEP	-
Chen da et al[21]	9.0 ± 4.2	12.1 ± 2.2	↓ in FEP	0.92 (0.61-1.23)
Rizos et al[22]	23.90 ± 5.99	30.00 ± 8.43	↓ in FEP	0.83 (0.07-1.59)
Buckley et al[23]	0.017 ± 0.003	0.049 ± 0.007	↓ in FEP	1.37 (0.56-2.18)
Palomino et al[24]	4.19 ± 2.26	7.55 ± 4.31	↓ in FEP	0.56 (0.13-0.97)
Pirildar et al[25]	14.2 ± 8.1	26.8 ± 9.3	↓ in FEP	1.07 (0.93-1.7)

Data are presented as mean ± SD. FEP: First episode psychosis.