Music in depression: Neural correlates of emotional experience in remitted depression

Table 1 Group differences regarding age, depression, early life stress, and personality variables (n = 28)

Measure	Remitted depressed (n = 14)		Healthy controls (n = 14)		t	v	P value
	mean	SD	mean	SD
Age (yr)	55.1	11.3	54.9	11.8	0.07	26	0.948
BDI	8.2	4.5	5.0	5.2	2.1	26	0.046
HDRS	3.8	1.5	-	-	-	-	-
MADRS	5.2	2.9	-	-	-	-	-
No. of episodes1	3.9	1.9	-	-	-	-	-
CTQ	53.4	25.4	36.1	10.2	2.3	26	0.026
total score
STAI state	41.6	11.9	32.5	8.9	2.3	26	0.031
STAI trait	29.9	9.1	18.9	5.4	3.9	26	< 0.001
CISS task	27.5	6.5	31.3	4.9	-1.7	26	0.093
CISS emotion	22.3	4.2	22.0	5.3	0.51	26	0.612
CISS avoidance	22.2	5.8	24.9	8.7	-0.95	26	0.353
BVAQ total score	112.6	17.3	100.4	18.8	1.7	26	0.093

¹Only available from 10 patients. BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; HDRS: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (remitted depressed group only); MADRS: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (remitted depressed group only); CTQ: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; STAI: State Trait Anxiety Inventory; CISS: Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (task, emotion and avoidance oriented coping style); BVAQ: Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire; Bonferroni adjusted α levels of 0.006 per test (0.05/9).