Associations between multidimensional sleep health and inflammatory bowel disease onset and activity: A systematic review of the RU-SATED framework

Table 2 Evidence summary

Indicator	Comparison	Measure type	Number of studies			Direction		Risk of bias		Level of evidence	Summary
			Cohort	Case-control	Cross-sectional	Positive	Negative	Low	Moderate
Sleep duration	Risk of developing IBD	Subjective	2	-	-	2	-	2	-	Moderate	Short sleep duration (≤ 5-6 hours/day) is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing IBD
Sleep duration	IBD vs controls	Subjective	-	2	4	3	3	3	3	Conflicting
Sleep duration	IBD vs controls	Objective	-	-	5	1	4	2	3	Limited	No significant difference in sleep duration between IBD patients and healthy controls
Sleep duration	IBD active vs IBD inactive	Subjective	-	-	4	1	3	1	3	Limited	No significant difference in sleep duration between active disease and remission
Sleep duration	IBD active vs IBD inactive	Objective	2	-	7	1	8	3	6	Moderate	No significant difference in sleep duration between active disease and remission
Sleep efficiency	IBD vs controls	Subjective	-	-	3	1	2	1	2	Conflicting
Sleep efficiency	IBD vs controls	Objective	-	-	4	1	3	2	2	Limited	No significant difference in sleep efficiency between IBD patients and healthy controls
Sleep efficiency	IBD active vs IBD inactive	Subjective	-	-	4	1	3	1	3	Limited	No significant difference in sleep efficiency between active disease and remission
Sleep efficiency	IBD active vs IBD inactive	Objective	2	-	8	4	6	4	6	Conflicting
Chronotype	IBD vs controls	Subjective	-	-	3	2	1	2	1	Conflicting
Chronotype	IBD active vs IBD inactive	Subjective	-	-	2	-	2	-	2	Limited	No significant association between chronotype and disease activity
Midpoint of sleep	IBD vs controls	Subjective	-	-	1	1	-	1	-	Insufficient
Social jetlag	IBD vs controls	Subjective	-	-	-	1	-	1	-	Insufficient
Social jetlag	IBD active vs IBD inactive	Subjective	-	-	-	1	-	1	-	Insufficient
Sleep regularity	IBD active vs IBD inactive	Objective	-	-	2	1	1	1	1	Conflicting
Alertness	IBD vs controls	Subjective	-	-	3	1	2	2	1	Conflicting
Alertness	IBD active vs IBD inactive	Subjective	-	-	2	2	-	1	1	Limited	Patients with active IBD exhibit significantly higher daytime sleepiness than those in remission

IBD: Inflammatory bowel diseases.