Serum NfL and GFAP levels and their association with anxiety-depression in Alzheimer’s disease patients: A clinical retrospective study

doi:10.5498/wjp.121407

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2026; 16(9): 121407
Published online Sep 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.121407

Table 4 Risk stratification based on number of elevated biomarkers, mean ± SD

Number of elevated biomarkers	n	Anxiety-depression incidence (%)	Mean HADS	OR (95%CI)	P value
0 (low risk)	58	13.8	6.2 ± 2.8	Reference	-
1 (intermediate risk)	130	36.9	11.8 ± 4.6	3.42 (1.38-8.48)	0.008
2 (high risk)	82	76.2	18.4 ± 5.2	19.58 (7.32-52.34)	< 0.001
P for trend	-	-	-	-	< 0.001

Elevated biomarkers defined as: Neurofilament light chain > 25 pg/mL, glial fibrillary acidic protein > 150 pg/mL. HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

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Citation: Xu GW, Zhu XL, Yin CH. Serum NfL and GFAP levels and their association with anxiety-depression in Alzheimer’s disease patients: A clinical retrospective study. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(9): 121407
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i9/121407.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.121407

Xu GW, Zhu XL, Yin CH. Serum NfL and GFAP levels and their association with anxiety-depression in Alzheimer’s disease patients: A clinical retrospective study. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(9): 121407 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.121407]

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