Serum NfL and GFAP levels and their association with anxiety-depression in Alzheimer’s disease patients: A clinical retrospective study

Table 3 Univariate analysis of risk factors for anxiety and depression

Risk factor	Odds ratio (95%CI)	P value
Age ≥ 75 years	1.88 (0.98-3.62)	0.058
Female gender	1.64 (0.88-3.06)	0.119
Education ≤ 9 years	1.86 (0.96-3.60)	0.066
Disease duration > 3 years	1.74 (0.92-3.30)	0.089
MMSE ≤ 18	2.28 (1.22-4.28)	0.010
CDR ≥ 1.5	2.04 (1.06-3.92)	0.033
Hypertension	1.24 (0.68-2.26)	0.481
Diabetes mellitus	1.20 (0.66-2.18)	0.548
Elevated NfL (> 25 pg/mL)	3.28 (1.64-6.56)	0.001
Elevated GFAP (> 150 pg/mL)	2.94 (1.50-5.76)	0.002

CI: Confidence interval; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; CDR: Clinical dementia rating; NfL: Neurofilament light chain; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein.